Spinach-based RNA mimicking GFP in plant cells

Functional & Integrative Genomics - Spinach RNA-mimicking GFP (S-RMG) has been successfully used to monitor cellular RNAs including microRNAs in bacterium, yeast, and human cells. However,...     

黑果枸杞不同组织内生真菌群落组成及生态功能分析

探究了新疆盐生植物黑果枸杞不同组织中内生真菌群落的组成及多样性,为深入研究盐碱、干旱等环境下内生真菌与宿主的互作机制,筛选和开发促生、防病和抗逆等功能的有益内生真菌资源提供科学依据。利用ITS高通量测序技术比较黑果枸杞不同组织真菌群落组成及差异,并采用FUNGuild数据库预测真菌群落生态功能。测序共获得高质量内生真菌序列354 058条,涉及291个OTUs,分属于9门、19纲、34目、50科、60属。α多样性指数分析表明,根、果中真菌群落多样性和丰富度程度较高,叶居中,花的多样性最低,茎的丰富度最低。对黑果枸杞内生真菌群落组成和优势菌群的分析表明,子囊菌门为优势菌门,花、叶、果、茎和根中相对丰度分别为86.85%、72.36%、75.97%、84.44%和85.02%。链格孢属为黑果枸杞植株中的核心属,不同组织中均有分布,在花、叶、果、茎和根中占比分别为85.41%、69.79%、47.07%、79.94%和36.97%。较优势的菌尚有枝孢属、枝顶孢属、新凸轮孢菌属、茎点霉属和楔孢黑粉菌属等真菌。这些菌多具有促生、抗逆等特性,在宿主对盐碱、干旱等极端环境的适应性方面有着潜在功能。各组织独有属的相对丰度均未超过1%。共有菌和独有菌在不同组织中的组成和相对丰度差异较大。经FUNGuild软件平台解析显示,黑果枸杞中病理-腐生-共生营养型的相对丰度最高,在花、叶、果、茎和根中分别为85.41%、69.84%、47.24%、79.98%和37.09%。果和叶中含多种相对丰度≥1%的条件致病菌,而根中腐生真菌种类较多。黑果枸杞中蕴含着功能丰富的内生真菌菌群,在不同组织中的组成及其生态功能差异较大,同时还含有大量未鉴定出种属和未定义的功能菌群,这些可为黑果枸杞功能菌群发掘提供数据参考。     

基于生态位模型的艾比湖国家级自然保护区马鹿生境评价

生境评价和预测是对濒危物种进行有效保护的基础。通过2013年9月和2014年10月对新疆艾比湖国家级自然保护区开展2次秋季野外调查共收集了92处马鹿(Cervuselaphus)出现数据,利用马鹿出现数据作为分布点数据,选取地形、植被类型和气候因子3类23种因子作为生境变量,利用MAXENT生态位模型分析了新疆艾比湖国家级自然保护区马鹿秋季生境适宜性分布特征和主要生境因子对马鹿分布的影响。结果表明:模型预测结果较高,平均AUC(area under the curve,受试工作者曲线下面值)值为0.976;Jackknife检验结果显示:最热月最高温度对马鹿生境分布的影响较大。植被类型和坡度对马鹿生境分布的影响不大。海拔、年降雨量、气温日较差和最热季平均温度是影响马鹿生境分布的主要生境因子。马鹿秋季生境划分为高适宜、次适宜、低适宜和不适宜4个等级,马鹿的高适宜生境区主要分布在研究区域的北部,次适宜及低适宜生境区则分布于高适宜生境区的边缘,而不适宜生境区主要集中在西部和东部地区。研究不仅提供了马鹿在艾比湖的实际分布状况,也为马鹿生境和生境因子的关系方面提供了一个重要的科学依据。     

Design of potent fluoro-substituted chalcones as antimicrobial agents

Owing to ever-increasing bacterial and fungal drug resistance, we attempted to develop novel antitubercular and antimicrobial agents. For this purpose, we developed some new fluorine-substituted chalcone analogs (3, 4, 9–15, and 20–23) using a structure–activity relationship approach. Target compounds were evaluated for their antitubercular efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and antimicrobial activity against five common pathogenic bacterial and three common fungal strains. Three derivatives (3, 9, and 10) displayed significant antitubercular activity with IC₅₀ values of ≤16,760. Compounds derived from trimethoxy substituent scaffolds with monofluoro substitution on the B ring of the chalcone structure exhibited superior inhibition activity compared to corresponding hydroxy analogs. In terms of antimicrobial activity, most compounds (3, 9, 12–14, and 23) exhibited moderate to potent activity against the bacteria, and the antifungal activities of compounds 3, 13, 15, 20, and 22 were comparable to those of reference drugs ampicillin and fluconazole.     

新疆马鹿塔里木亚种的现状与保护

新疆马鹿塔里木亚种高度适应荒漠生境, 自20 世纪50 年代以来, 由于自然和人为因素的影响, 种群数量急剧下降。栖息地退缩和片段化不仅导致种群遗传多样性的丧失, 而且也因遗传漂变和近亲繁殖, 不断地加剧了该亚种的濒危程度。为有效的保护该物种, 特提出可行的保护措施建议。     

Rheological Behaviour of Instant Hot Chocolate Beverage: Part 1. Optimization of the Effect of Different Starches and Gums

In this study, effects of different starches (tapioca (TS), wheat (WS), corn (CS), potato (PS), modified corn (MCS) and modified potato (MPS)) and gums (xanthan gum (XG), guar gum (GG), alginate (A), salep (S), locust bean gum (LBG) and carrageen (C)) on the rheological properties of model hot chocolate beverage were studied. Swelling power (SP) of the starches and water absorption capacity (WAC) of the gums were determined. Hot chocolate beverages showed pseudoplastic behaviour. Ostwald de Waele model accurately described flow behaviour of each beverage sample. K, n, R ² values for Ostwald model were in the range of 4.8–160.3 mPa.sⁿ, 0.5117–0.9745, 0.9972–0.9998, respectively. The highest synergic effect in the model was observed between the interaction of MCS and XG. The XG-PS, XG-TS, XG-CS combinations showed the highest K and viscosity values, respectively.